Small Modular Reactors (SMR) are new nuclear reactor projects that significantly differ from existing reactors by their lower capacity, which ranges from single megawatts (known as microreactors) to lower hundreds of MW. In the near future, they could become a suitable emissions-free substitute for fossil sources (coal, gas) for both power and heat generation.

Their second important aspect is their modularity. Nuclear power plants are traditionally built on the basis of a standardised design that is significantly customised for each particular project.

On the other hand, the SMR concept plans on the maximum possible design standardisation. Small nuclear building blocks, known as modules, are mass-produced at a factory and then transported and installed as a single module. This eliminates the demanding component of on-site construction while minimising the risk of delays. This could significantly simplify and speed up the licensing procedure.

Another advantage of the technology is the possibility of scaling up multiple modules into larger plants with a higher installed capacity, as required.